Two significant events of Christianity

Introduction In the history and tradition of Christianity, there are two very significant events. One of these is the role played by Martin Luther in the Protestant reformation.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Two significant events of Christianity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The other important concept concerns mysticism in Christian practice. The first part of this paper deals with the role played by Martin Luther in inspiring exodus from the Roman Catholic Church. The second part deals with the practice of Christian mysticism and some of the defenses put forth by mystics. Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation The Protestant Reformation was born in Germany after a catholic monk (Martin Luther) posted rhetorical works popularly referred to as ‘the 95 Theses,’ which appealed for the transformation of the Christian Church (Somervill 96). Martin Luther was born in 1483, in a town known as E isleben, in Germany. He grew to become one of the most influential controversial people in the history of the Church. Though he was relatively unknown in his early years as a monk, Luther gained recognition in 1517 after authoring a manuscript that was perceived to attack some of the doctrines practiced in the Roman Catholic Church such as absolution of sin, which he accused of entailing the purchase of ‘indulgences.’ In his ‘95 Theses,’ Luther emphasized the centrality of the Bible to religious conviction. He asserted that human salvation could be achieved only via faith and not by deeds. That document marked the beginning of the Protestant Reformation. Despite the fact that those ideas existed before Luther, he publicized them at a time when people were ready to challenge the power of the Roman Catholic Church (Hastings 244). At the time of his writing, Christians had started questioning the apparent over the involvement of the papacy in worldly matters r ather than the spiritual needs of his followers. Luther’s, writings significantly transformed the way Christianity was practiced. The nature of the revolution instigated by Luther was literary. In the ’95 Theses,’ Luther argued that the faithful ought to seek God’s forgiveness by faith. That was contrary to the Roman Catholic Church teachings about faith and good works being essential for salvation. He also raised concerns about the authority bestowed upon the Papacy. A different point raised by Luther in his document concerned the equality of Christians in the eyes of the Church. He believed that Christian faithful did not require priests and bishops for the interpretation of the Bible. He tucked the documents to the door of a church in Wittenberg. The author of this paper agrees with Luther that there should be only one source of authority in the Christian faith. This authority is God. All believers are equal in the eyes of the Lord and no one should pe rceive himself better than the other. Christians ought to be allowed to read the Bible on their own and decide for themselves the meanings therein.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Even after his excommunication by the pope in 1520, the writings of Luther gained much popularity due to the growing popularity of the printing press in his time. He was put on trial and proclaimed an outlaw by Emperor Charles V after which he had to go into exile. It was during his exile that he interpreted the Bible into German. Most of the changes that Luther advocated for were implemented during his lifetime. For instance, he came from exile and found that priests dressed in regular clothes and were referred to as ministers. Some clergy had even begun to commit to matrimony. Rather than advocate for changes from within the Roman Catholic Church, Luther’s followers started calling themselv es the Lutherans. The message of reform carried by Luther resonated well with various sections of discontented Christians for other reasons besides spirituality. Some western political figures accepted the Lutheran way due to their resentment for the political authority accorded to the papacy. Merchants supported the reform due to their loathing for the taxes imposed by the Roman Catholic Church. In his dissent with some of the practices of the Roman Catholic Church, Luther did not consider joining the Eastern Orthodox Church probably due to the similarities in doctrines shared between the denominations. That was despite the fact that he had a relatively positive view of the Orthodox Church. The support was mostly because the Eastern Orthodox Church also denounced priestly celibacy, purgatory, supremacy of the pope, and indulgences among other practices. It was worth noting that some followers of Martin Luther indeed got in touch with the Orthodox Church patriarch Jeremias II. That effort did not bear much fruit and was later abandoned. While Luther’s early texts initiated the Protestant Reformation, he was barely engaged in it through the years that followed. Luther became more atrocious in his opinion claiming that the pope was an antichrist and allowed polygamy based on the Old Testament tradition observed by the patriarchs. However, the most stringent of Luther’s views was his advocacy for the ejection of Jews from Germany, which many people saw as one of the reasons that led to the Holocaust (Bainton 273). During the Holocaust, over one million Jews were killed. The views propagated Jews played a significant role in the way his followers perceived Jews and may have contributed to the Holocaust.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Two significant events of Christianity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Christian Mysticism The concept of Christian mysticism is used in reference to the growth of mystical traditions and mystical theory within Christianity (McColman 23). Christian mysticism is usually linked with mystical theology that is often practiced in the Roman Catholic Church and Eastern orthodox practices. Christian mystics study and practice their faith based on ecstatic visions about the coming together of the human soul with God. They also observe prayerful contemplation of the Bible. In this regard, mysticism means the spirituality offered by seeking direct involvement with God. The life of the mystic is rooted in religion not just as an accepted belief, but on a level in which the believer seeks direct experience with deity. Due to the constant criticism of their unique way of praying and practicing their religion, Christian mystics often feel the need to justify themselves and the authenticity of their practice. They justify their ritualistic ways of offering prayers as a fundamental routine in any religious practice. Prayers such ‘the Lo rd’s prayer’ are traced to the times of Christ, and are used to justify mechanically repeated prayers performed by the mystics. In Mathew 6:7, Jesus reminds his followers not to heap too much praise in prayer like the gentiles and not to use too many words in prayer. Another practice defended by mystics is that of secluded meditation aimed at building a spiritual connection with God. Though some mystical practices such as protracted periods of seclusion and self-annihilation seem extreme, their philosophy of seeking a personal relationship with deity is understandable. The author of this paper perceives Christian mysticism as a noble way of practicing faith in a close and direct experience with God. However, it appears to contradict the Christian doctrine that God resides in all believers. All Christians can obtain experience with God only by believing in Jesus Christ. Christian mysticism appears to want to capture spiritual experiences that cannot be attained by intel lectual techniques or by reading the Bible. It seeks to do this by encouraging its followers to emulate Christ. However, the Bible teaches that likeness to Jesus Christ can only be attained through dying of the self rather than trying to emulate him. 1 Corinthians 2:14 also teaches that spiritual truth can only be understood via the intellect, directed by the Holy Spirit (who dwells in all faithful). The history of the Christian church is adorned with various mystics like Teresa of à vila, who employs allegories of irrigating a garden and taking a tour of the chambers in a castle to illuminate how meditation encourages a union with God. Others like Ignatius Loyola, Johann Arndt and Lorenzo Scupoli play major roles in advocating for meditations and secluded prayer aimed at seeking direct experience with God. Mystic practice in Christianity or any other religion is an indication of devotion and search of spiritual perfection.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, I do not see myself becoming a mystic due to the controversies surrounding their practice. I am a Buddhist who believes in meditation that is not intended for union with deity. Buddhist meditation is a procedure that nurtures and improves awareness, clarity, emotional positivity, and a composed perception of the true makeup of things. Conclusion Martin Luther was undoubtedly one of the most important figures in the history of the Christian church. The role played by his writings in the protestant reformation shaped Christianity as it is practiced today. However, the perceived role played by some of his rhetorical works on the violence witnessed against Jews during the Holocaust was quite unfortunate. This paper also elaborated the practice of Christian mysticism. Though some mystic practices appeared extreme, most of them were geared towards establishing a union with God. Works Cited Bainton, Roland. Here I Stand: A Life of Martin Luther, Massachusetts: Hendrickson Publishe rs, 2009. Print. Hastings, Adrian. A World History of Christianity, United Kingdom: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2000. Print. McColman, Carl. The Big Book of Christian Mysticism: The Essential Guide to Contemplative Spirituality, Charlottesville, VA: Hampton Roads Publishing, 2010. Print. Somervill, Barbara. Martin Luther: Father of the Reformation, Minneapolis: Capstone, 2006. Print. This essay on Two significant events of Christianity was written and submitted by user Adelynn P. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

worldwar2 essays

worldwar2 essays This disease is caused by a virus which has 2 forms - commonly called 'cold sores' tends to occur in the upper half of the body, mainly around lips and in the mouth usually affects the lower part of the body causing genital herpes Both viruses are passed from one person to another by close body contact. Genital Herpes is commonly passed on by sexual contact with a person who has ulcers or blisters of herpes on the inside or around the sex organs. The use of condoms during sexual activity (including oral sex) provide the best form of protection against this virus. - Warts are a nuisance, and they get everywhere including your genitals. The concern with the genital wart virus is its association with cervical cancer, and very occasionally, with cancers of the vulva, penis and anus . The effect of genital warts on the cervix (neck of the womb) is detected by performing a pap smear. This is a simple and safe test that women who have ever been sexually active should have routinely every two years. Gonorrhoea has been around for thousands of years. Gonorrhoea is caused by a bacteria being passed from an infected person to another, during unprotected vaginal, anal or oral sex. Chlamydia is a very common STI which is caused by a bacterium called Chlamydia Trachomatis. Chlamydia is sometimes called the "silent epidemic" because frequently there are no symptoms. However, it can cause serious complications affecting fertility. ...

This Is How Small Brands With Small Budgets Achieve Colossal Results With Andie Coupland From Totara Learning [AMP 146] - CoSchedule Blog

This Is How Small Brands With Small Budgets Achieve Colossal Results With Andie Coupland From Totara Learning [AMP 146] Blog Marketing is sometimes sensationalized, especially when media publications feature huge brands with huge budgets. In reality, most marketers come from small brands with small budgets. They need to be scrappy to get noticed, but with fewer resources. Today’s guest is Andie Coupland, product marketing manager at Totara Learning. She describes how small brands with small budgets can achieve colossal results by avoiding makeshift marketing.    Game Plan: Strategies for marketing goals, product fit, and brand messaging  Ã‚   Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) vs. Objectives and Key Results (OKRs): Different approaches for deliverables to measure results of goals and objectives Stop Fighting Fires: Stay agile to remain focused on your quarterly priorities Keep on Track: Processes in place to stay organized and meet deadlines Productivity Pressure: Marketing is getting more done with fewer resources Shift in Mindset: Always ask why you’re doing something as a leader/manager Andie’s Advice: Find the right tool(s) and learn how to use them to meet your company’s marketing needs right now Links:   Andie Coupland on Twitter   Totara Learning Adweek Asana Trello Jira Google Ads Start With Why by Simon Sinek 10X Marketing Formula by Garrett Moon New Marketing Suite If you liked today’s show, please subscribe on iTunes to The Actionable Content Marketing Podcast! The podcast is also available on SoundCloud, Stitcher, and Google Play. Quotes by Andie Coupland:   â€Å"You need to have the key bits of information that you can refer back to when you’re making all your decisions for all the smaller things that come up.†Ã‚   â€Å"If you’re going to be successful, you need to have that shared overview of what’s going on, so everyone knows what they’re doing.†Ã‚   â€Å"You can have all the tools in the world, but if you’re not talking and communicating across the team regularly, it doesn’t mean anything.†Ã‚   â€Å"We kind of like that challenge of being creative and pragmatic and coming up with novel ways to do more with less.†

Assignment com 008 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Assignment com 008 - Essay Example Euphemistic language is commonly used to manipulate others. In involves using a smoother, less objectionable manner of presenting something, rather than a blunt or frank way of saying it. For instance, death can be referred to in a more polite manner such as departure from life or passing away. Euphemism can be used to make the rough edges of life smoother and make what is actually unbearable to be more bearable. Another aim of using euphemism is to make individuals sound more learned and to enhance their self-worthiness. On the other hand, if used to create misconceptions, euphemism can be a risky technique, for both the user and the recipient. For example, euphemism may lead to problem denial, which may hinder an individual from getting a solution. Other people may find it difficult to realize an issue, thus may go unresolved. The most dreadful of all euphemism is that used politically, since all positives and negatives are made either appropriate or inappropriate, depending on the issue at

The Negative Effects of Consumerism on Environment Essay

The Negative Effects of Consumerism on Environment - Essay Example The paper tells that the people in the past were lived in a society of producers; however current people are living in a society of consumers. There are plenty of reasons for this change. Heavy industrialization, development of science and technology and the subsequent changes happened in the life styles and life philosophies of people are some of the major reasons for increased consumerism. There is nothing wrong in transforming our society from the production dimension to consumer dimension if such changes may not cause any harm to our environment. Unfortunately, environmental problems or destruction is directly proportional to the rate of increase of consumerism. In other words, along with the increase in consumerism, increase in environment destruction is also taking place. It is impossible for humankind to survive long if consumerism increases at its present rate. The effects of consumerism on the Earth’s environment are: loss of resources, increased pollution, and loss o f energy. This paper analyses the causes of increased consumerism and its effects on environment. Loss of resources is the major effect of increased consumerism. It should be noted that population is growing at alarming rates whereas the available resources in this world are being reduced because of increased consumption. Scarcity of drinking water is a problem everywhere in this world. It should be noted that drinking water resources are exhausting day by day even though the water levels in the sea are gradually rising because of global warming. There are plenty of people in this world who purchase goods just for increasing their social status. Current consumers compare the goods in the hands of their friends, relatives and neighbours with the goods in their own hands and then take purchasing decisions. Such habits results in wastage of resources and over exploitation of resources. Deforestation is taking place rapidly to find enough space for establishing industries. Nobody take c are about the fact that trees or forests play an important role in maintaining the global climate suitable to living things. Deforestation results in big climate changes and subsequently the life is this earth may become extremely difficult. Carbon dioxide is harmful to the environment whereas oxygen is good for the environment. Trees absorb carbon dioxide and liberate oxygen to this world. Thus, trees help the environment in maintaining a balance between carbon dioxide and oxygen in the atmosphere. Destruction of trees results in increased content of carbon dioxide in atmosphere which is not good for living things. All the living things in this world are interconnected each other in some ways. In other words, the existence or survival of all the living things in this world is necessary for the sustainment of human life. The destructions of animals and birds may affect human life in many ways. For example, snakes are the enemies of rats. Killing or destruction of snakes may result i n increased number of rats. Increased number rats means farmers may not get proper yield from their agriculture. In short, snakes are necessary to maintain the number of rats in this world to a particular level. However, climate changes and environmental problems are causing big destruction of animal life. â€Å"There was a story in the newspaper saying that 37 percent of species could become extinct due to climate change† (Mayell). Increased pollution is another effect of increased consumerism. Air, water and land pollution are caused by increased consumerism. It is already proved that atmospheric temperature is increasing day by day because of environmental pollutions and increased consumption of resources. Atmospheric temperature rise results in global warming. It would be difficult for mankind to live in this world, if the atmospheric temperature rises at its present rate. Automobile use is increased a lot in recent times. Automobiles

Hassan and Amir Essay Example for Free

Hassan and Amir Essay The texts in section A focus on cosmetic surgery on teenagers. Write a paper (700-1000 words) in which you answer the following questions. Answer the questions separately. 1. Give an outline of the various views on plastic surgery for teenagers, which are presented in texts 1 and 2 2. How dies Valerie Ulene engage the reader in the subject in text 1? Illustrate your answer with examples from the text. 3. Taking your starting point in text 3, discuss whether cosmetic surgery on teenagers should be banned. 1. Both given texts, â€Å"Plastic surgery for teens† by Valerie Ulene and â€Å"Seeking Self-Esteem. Through Surgery† by Camille Sweeny, have very similar views on plastic surgery for teenagers in America. They both hold the view that teenagers are pressured by set beauty standards, which are displayed by media and other industries. In the first text â€Å"Plastic surgery for teens† Valerie Ulene, the author and a specialist for preventive surgery in the US, says that America’s teenagers feel the need to undergo plastic surgery because they think of the beauty standards as the given norm and want to achieve those norms. Ulene is of the opinion that plastic surgery shouldn’t be the alternative to diets and exercise, because most teens are very impatient and change their opinions quickly, so they might regret their choice shortly after. She believes teens will obtain a better view on themselves, as they grow older and go through the process of growing up. It’s not entirely unwise to get a plastic surgery, according to Valerie Ulene, she thinks some teenagers, who have had the wish for a long time, should have the opportunity, but preferably when they are legally aloud to sign consent, until then parents and doctors should determine whether or not the teen should turn to a surgeon’s knife. The second text â€Å"Seeking Self-Esteem Through Surgery† by Camille Sweeny, the author is of the fairly same opinion as given in the first text. Sweeny also believes that the growing figures of teenage plastic surgery emanate from unreachable beauty standards. She quotes critics who think that the growing number of plastic surgery, especially among adolescent girls, stems from the fact, adolescents have low self esteem and because plastic surgery has become easy to access. Sweeny also thinks a lot of teenagers are unaware of the long-term effects, like pain Elena Haig 2C English or follow-up surgeries. She feels it is important to challenge the given standards and preach different ones, also it is important to accept one’s own appearance. 2. Valerie Ulene engages the reader by telling about herself and how she â€Å"disliked [her] nose as a teenager would be an understatement† (l. 1), this way the reader feels like she is honest and respectable. Furthermore she uses pronouns like â€Å"I† (l. 2, l. 3) to make clear that she states her own opinion. Ulene also makes use of modern terms like â€Å"getting it â€Å"done†Ã¢â‚¬ (l.3) and â€Å"fixed† (l. 62) and by doing that she seems closer to the teenagers, whom she wants to reach. Ulene appeals to logos and persuades the audience by reason, an example of this is â€Å"The American Society of Plastic Surgeons estimates that more than 330,000 adolescents (†¦)† (l. 6) where she uses data from a respected American institution and thus the reader trusts her and her opinion and she seems credible. Expressive adjectives like â€Å"ridiculous† (l. 17) or â€Å"tremendous† (l. 60) underline her statement on plastic surgery or beauty standards. Later on in the text she makes use of pathos to appeal to the readers’ emotions and convince them to believe in her argument by creating an emotional response. â€Å"With a 14-year-old daughter of my own, I recognize how difficult that [saying no to plastic surgery] can be. While I’d like to think that I’d dissuade – if not forbid – her from having cosmetic work done†. (ll. 58-59) With this quote the reader empathizes with Ulene, because it’s now a lot more understandable why she’s against plastic surgery on teenagers, and in the next paragraph she uses another example from her life where she diminishes the wish for plastic surgery by saying â€Å"as far as my own nose goes, I’ve never really grown to love it. I have grown used to it, however, and have no regrets that it was never fixed† (ll. 61-62). 3. â€Å"If they aren’t old enough to sign their own surgical consent for a medically necessary procedure, then they shouldn’t be able to induce their parents to do it for cosmetic surgery which is a personal, subjective, value-based decision, not a decision of medical necessity. † Dr. Pete Costantino According to this quote, the ban of cosmetic surgery for teenagers is a good idea. The topic of plastic and cosmetic surgery has been open for a lot of debate. The question whether it should Elena Haig 2C English be banned or not bears more than one problem and can be viewed from different sides. The main question is though, where a medically necessary procedure ends and becomes cosmetic surgery? On the one hand, there is the problem of the promoted unreachable beauty norms, which teenagers are exposed to everyday. These norms make some teenagers believe that their features are ugly or an abnormality, but they are mostly completely normal. A general ban of cosmetic surgery could help them rethink the view on their bodies. Also, a lot of teenagers are very impatient, and if they don’t have access to these kinds of surgeries, they are forced to wait and maybe they’ll rethink their decision. In contrast to this, some teenagers are so unbearably unhappy with their features that they don’t go to school, don’t interact socially or are confronted with bullying from their classmates. If cosmetic surgery is prohibited for citizens under 18 years, they don’t have any chance of improvement in their lives. Often, parents have very different morals and convictions than adolescents, and wouldn’t understand their child’s struggle, and in the long run the adolescent is the one who has to live with the given facial or physical features. All in all, I am only partly for a general ban of plastic surgery for minors. I think there should be a certification that the person undergoing plastic surgery is completely aware of the consequences the procedure will have and that this person has considered positive and negative effects of this decision. What I don’t agree with is that the government decides what distinguishes necessary medical surgery from cosmetic surgery. It’s not always visible if the person needs this surgery or not, there are often mental problems linked to the choice that is made. Words: 963 (without quote) Elena Haig 2C English 1) Later on in the text she makes use of In diesem Satz war ein Kongruenzfehler, denn in der 3. P singular â€Å"she† muss dem Verb ein â€Å"s† hinzugefugt werden. 2) By doing that she seems closer to the teenagers, whom she wants to reach. Hier muss â€Å"whom† verwendet werden, da es sich auf das Praposition â€Å"to† bezieht. 3) Nachstes mal werde ich in meiner Outline darauf achten, keine bis wenig Fluchtigkeitsfehler zu machen, um meine Sprache zu verbessern. Auch die grammatischen Strukturen mochte ich mehr beachten, so dass sie komplexer, vielfaltiger und korrekt sind. Auch von dem Inhalt her mochte ich versuchen ein wenig mehr auf Standpunkte einzugehen die ich eventuell nicht als wichtig empfinde. Um den Text leichter lesbar zu machen, versuche ich alle dargestellten Haltungen klarzustellen und genau zu erlautern. Beim zitieren versuche ich nachstes mal noch mehr auf das Integrieren in den Text zu achten, damit er flie? ender zu lesen wird. View as multi-pages Topics in this document Surgery, Plastic surgery, Reconstructive surgery, Microsurgery, Adolescence, Hand surgery, Hospital Related Documents Plastic Surgery Essay An Ugly Trend Plastic surgery is defined as repair, restoration, or improvement of lost, injured or defective body parts. It can also be used as a synonym for â€Å"fake† or â€Å"superficial. † Although the meaning of plastic surgery fluctuates between different people, the origin of the word â€Å"plastic† comes from the Greek â€Å"plastikos,† meaning able to be molded. † Throughout history, society values beauty. Individual’s pursuit in 1267 Words | 6 Pages Plastic Surgery Essay. PLASTIC SURGERY Plastic surgery is a special type of surgery that greatly improves not just your appearance, it improves self esteem and health at the same time it gives you a better quality of life. 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Cosmetic surgery consists of certain procedures used to â€Å"improve† a person’s natural features, or give a more youthful appearance, while reconstructive surgery is used to 1267 Words | 7 Pages Essay about rationale of plastic surgery ? The Rationale of Plastic Surgery Plastic surgery is a controversial issue among the society now. For some people, there is not agreed about undergo plastic surgery because they are grateful and appreciative with their natural beauty appearance what god gave to them and for Muslim’s religion does not give Muslim’s change appearance have been given by Allah. Every countries now has a 1267 Words | 5 Pages Plastic Surgery Beauty or Beast? Essay Swan 2, she morphed into a beauty queen after a slew of plastic surgery proceduresa brow lift, lower eye lift, mid-face lift, fat transfer to her lips and cheek folds, laser treatments for aging skin, tummy tuck, breast lift, liposuction of her inner thighs and dental procedures. The Fox show gives contestants plastic surgery and then has them compete in a beauty pageant, which last year Stiles won. The Swan and other such 1267 Words | 5 Pages. Essay about Plastic Surgery Cosmetic surgery is very common these days it is no longer only accessible to rich and famous. Any person in the world can have the procedure they want done, most people think cosmetic surgery is unsafe but it is only unsafe if your surgeon is not qualified. Here are the 5 top reasons why most people get cosmetic surgery. 1. Health Reasons. Some people may have gone through rough times caused by sickness or massive weight loss, so its only 1267 Words | 5 Pages Should Teenagers Be Discouraged from Doing Plastic Surgery? Essay. doing plastic surgery? What is plastic surgery? Plastic surgery is ‘the process of reconstructing or repairing parts of the body by the transfer of tissue, either in the treatment of injury or for cosmetic reasons’ (Oxford Dictionaries, 2010). Sushrutha from India, who is known as the ‘Father of Plastic Surgery’, had carried out plastic surgery a 1267 Words | 5 Pages Cite This Document APA (2015, 04). plastic surgery outline.

Privacy of Personal Information on the Internet Essay -- French France

Privacy of Personal Information on the Internet United States Policy Living in the United States has its advantages. We are afforded many opportunities that are unavailable or unheard of in other countries. We maintain a limited right to privacy in the areas of education, marriage, procreation, contraception etc. In certain instances, government officials are allowed to watch, listen, search and/or seize a person's personal information. Warrants are usually needed in order to gain this type of information. The Bill of Rights states the provisions to our right of privacy. The Fourth Amendment is the right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched. French Republic Policy The right to privacy is implicit to the French Constitution. The French Republic has had many acts regarding the privacy issues of its citizens. The growing popularity of the Internet has made it necessary to include the Internet in these acts. In 1994, the Constitutional Court ruled that the Data Protection Act In 1978 a Data Protection Act was brought into law to protect personal information of private parties and government agencies. Registration and permissions were needed in order to process personal data. Individual parties had the right to access, demand corrections and sometimes deletion about the information being kept on them. Violators of this act faced imprisonment and/or fines. Modifications to Act In 2003, revisions began to be made of the Data Protection Act. The new law would increase ... ...he portal that hosted the racial sites, the plaintiff was able to single out one French Citizen who also hosted the site. It is like picking a needle out of the hay sack. Which in this case didn’t seem to be that hard. Sources [1] Cedric Laurant, Electronic Privacy information Center, 2003, [2] Cedric Laurant, Electronic Privacy information Center, 2003, [3] Richard A. Spinello, CyberEthics: Morality and Law in Cyberspace Second Edition (Massachusetts: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2003) 85. [4] Sara Baase, A Gift of Fire Second Edition (New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc., 2003) 36-80, 141-186. [5] Steve McConnell, Software Project Survival Guide (Washington: Microsoft Press, 1998) 8.

Political Awareness Essay

Social media become an important medium of communication in the modern time in which it is provide powerful channels of information between politician and citizens. Besides that, the social media act as proactive devices for encouraging the citizen to participate in democratic process. The social media an important medium of information have influence people’s thought and action about politics and encouraged people to give opinions, critics and suggestions as well as participate in politics. Therefore, the social media is one of the primary mechanism in the political scene and capable of making political issues. However, it gives a negative aspects on political issues in which people may give wrong information and it also enjoys a positive function by spreading information across society quickly and enjoys freedom of speech. The development of new technology encourages youth to engage in politics. Youth today most likely to use the social media like Facebook, twitter, blog and you tube as medium of communication to interact with others. For example, blogs play an important role in political communication and in forming the opinions of political actors and politically interested users. Their ability to facilitate active interaction, present opinions, mobilize voters, as well as influence public opinion and eventually election outcomes makes political blogs an interesting. Online social networks provide us with convenient platform for such analysis. The data from many social networks is publicly available. Furthermore, social media has emerged as a significant platform for discussion and dissemination of political information. For example, Pew surveys (Smith, 2011) found that 22% of adult Internet users participated in political campaigns through at least one of the major social media platforms like Twitter, Facebook, and Myspace during the 2010 U.S. elections. However, people would not use social media regularly for interaction that lead to political engagement. People usually discuss about politic in social media only time of election in which political parties, political activists and organizations promote, persuade and wishing to increase participation by citizen. There is an analysis of social media usage for political purposes by young people during the United Kingdom general election in 2005. It  emphasized that the role of social media for reinforcing existing democratic awareness rather than as an alternative mode of political socialization. Interestingly, the percentages of the youth are much likely use social media in accessing political information for news and information about parties as well as candidates than older users. Thus, the social media plays an important role as strategies by political parties to target young voters are a valuable approach in attracting disaffected citizens. However, it also indicates that political engagement by young people may show signs of becoming misuse to the new social media where mobilization and activism may be more increase if they are social media users.

Training and Development Program for Bass Pro

Training and Development program for Bass Pro Shops Top Managers Training and Development Final paper Bass Pro Shop Company Overview Bass Pro Shop (Outdoor World) is a private retailer known of selling hunting, fishing and camping gear related to all outdoor and recreational activities that started in Missouri in 1972. By 1974, Bass Pro Shops became very popular and its first catalog first was mailed out. Soon, it became the world's largest mail order sporting goods store. Around 1995, Bass Pro Shops Sportsman's Warehouse opened in Atlanta, Georgia, its first store outside the state of Missouri.Today, Bass Pro Shops became one of America’s premier outdoor retail leaders serving over 75 million sportsmen. Bass Pro Shops have over 39 stores within the US and have several other stores that do not fall under the Outdoor World flagship brand The article we will be analyzing for this paper is called, Bass Pro Failed to Hire Blacks and Hispanics at its Stores Nationwide, EEOC Says in Suit. The article was press released on September 21, 2011 by The U. S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.Bass Pro Shop Outdoor World is being accused in a nationwide federal lawsuit of discriminating against qualified black and Hispanic employees and applicants since 2005 (EEOC, 2011). Bass Pro Shops is additionally being accused of retaliation against employees who were against the discriminatory practices, firing them or forcing them to quit their jobs. They also destroyed or did not save documents associated to internal discrimination complaints that made racially derogatory remarks about minority employees and employment applications.In the lawsuit it cited examples from Texas, Louisiana, Alabama and Indiana showing a national pattern of discrimination. Analysis of the EEOC Article This topic and article was chosen by our team from the EEOC website for the following reasons: 1) It is a credited article 2) It includes the findings and the fact based upon the EEOC filled t he lawsuits against Bass Pro 3) It is well written, accurate, verifiable, clear and concise 4) Broad in its coverage: (a) It addresses the main aspects of the topic; and b) It stays focused on the topic without going into unnecessary detail 5) Neutral: it represents viewpoints fairly and without bias, giving due weight to each. 6) It is very detailed in the findings and investigation processes. 7) It provides information and help for those who have been discriminated against and never dared to file a lawsuit or complain. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission is a federal agency charged with enforcing antidiscrimination laws in employment.The EEOC found evidence of nationwide discrimination by Brass Pro under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, â€Å"which prohibits discrimination based on race and national origin, and prohibits employers from retaliating against employees who complain about employment discrimination and requires them to keep certain employment recordsà ¢â‚¬ . (EEOC, 2012) Bass Pro is been held responsible for consistently denying jobs to qualified minorities based on their race (African-American), ethnicity (Hispanic or Latino) or national origin not their skills, knowledge, abilities or work experience.The EEOC did an investigation and found statistical evidence based on the number of minority employees working nationwide for this employer that Bass Pro has engaged in discriminatory hiring procedures. The underrepresentation of minority employees and applicants was so noticeable that the possibility that it could happen without discrimination is extremely small. The EEOC found plenty of data to accuse Bass Pro with a national pattern of discrimination. In the lawsuit there were a number of examples of racially derogatory remarks made by management at different Bass Pro stores.Some of the examples are the following: â€Å"it is getting a little dark in here, you need to hire some white people†, â€Å"Hispanics are wetback s†, â€Å"Hispanics should be shot at the boarder by the Border Patrol†, â€Å"hiring black candidates did not fit the corporate profile. † (Samuel, Post, 2011) The EEOC also specified in the lawsuit that Bass Pro did not offer any evidence that the company is using fair hiring practices. On the EEOC website you can find what is considered Race/Color Discrimination and Harassment.The EEOC considers harassment to include, â€Å"racial slurs, offensive or derogatory remarks about a person’s race or color. Harassment is illegal when it is so frequent or severe that it creates a hostile or offensive work environment or when it results in an adverse employment decision such as the victim being fired or demoted † (EEOC, 2011). The reason Bass Pro is being sued by the EEOC is because they believe they have a case against them based on the evidence and data they collected throughout the investigation. Needs Assessment Organizational Analysis:The top manager s of Bass Pro Shops are reluctant to apply diversity practices on their recruitment processes, which has significantly damage their reputation and organizational climate. The successful implementation of a training and development method focused on promoting diversity will attract more customers and skilled employees to Bass pro shops stores. Thus, improving the reputation of the company in both employees and customers. The lawsuits derived from their discrimination practices has already damage Bass Pro’s reputation and might jeopardize their cost structure.Thus, the implementation of a diversity training method is a good strategy to change the top managers mindset and promote the benefits of having a diverse workforce across the organization. Person Analysis: The top managers of bass pro shops need to be trained to understand the importance of having diverse workforce across the organization. This means, that trainers should ensure that the managers are committed with the tr aining before the implementation of the program.According to (Brighthub, 2011) it is essential for managers to understand the problem they are involved in and be mentally committed to change their mindset regarding discrimination acts. On the other hand, the managers of Bass pro shops have sufficient technical skills that allow them to utilize technological equipment and understand software solutions that the training program might contain. Task Analysis: The task analysis would be focused on the top manager’s job. The activities that the program contain involve the interaction of top managers with non-white employees.The main objective of the interactive activities is to break up with the existing bias that top managers have of non-white employees. Thus, the creation of activities that require the collaboration of both managers and employees will improve the knowledge and skills that top managers require to get along with non-white employees. Recommendation: According the in formation stated in the article, Bass pro shops have four main issues that we as consultants are trying to address by the implementation of a training and development program for the top managers of the organization.The four main issues include, the misconception of the basic assumption, which is the organization necessity to hire only white people in order to maintain customers satisfaction; the legal implications derived from their discriminatory practices against afro-American and Hispanic people in their hiring policies; the potential high costs of losing the case and the bad reputation the organization might build with these discriminatory practices. According to (Noe, 2010), There are six stages that the training and development method should accomplish in order to positively impact the main issues that the organization is facing.These include: Ensuring Managers’ Readiness for Training & Creating a Learning Environment in an open dialog with diversity counselors. This i s very important because managers can get feedback regarding their performances. That way, the manager can evaluate the employees perspectives regarding his/her own diversity practices. According to (PACT Training, 2006) The development plan of a succesful training and development program should always start with the definition of the learning outcomes. There are two learning outcomes of the training and development plan for Bass Pro Shops.The first learning outcome is to increase the knowledge of top managers about discrimination acts, and the seccond learning outcome is to build in top managers, skills and behaviors that enables them to effectively apply diversity practices. If managers successfuly learn how to apply these two expected outcomes, there must be a decrease in the number of complaints and litigations against the Bass pro shops. Thus, reducing the potential costs derived from lawsuits and improving their public image. A Cost-benefit analysis will also be a part of the developing plan.Costs such as the purchase of the training program, learning materials, equipments, facilities, and the salary of trainers will be included in the analysis. Some of the specific benefits that the program will pursue include: improvement of managers performance derived from diversity practices, increase of the number of customers, increasing sales of products, and cost saving derived from a decrease in lawsuit payments. Selecting Training Method The training program has to be in adherence to the legislation.Bass Pro Shops need a training program that helps its managers to understand when their behaviors violate the equal employment opportunity laws. Some of the strategies used to enforce this knowledge include: †¢ Encourage managers to learn about Title VII online. Managers can the web to self-train their knowledge about laws. When the self-training is finished, use evaluation test such as online tests or paper-based tests to evaluate the learning outcomes. †¢ Use case studies (Noe, 2010), to encourage anagers to understand the legislation. Managers might find in case studies, a more practical exercise to learn about behaviors that may violate the law. †¢ Incorporate diversity-related news items into the content of the program (PACT Training, 2006). For example, the article mentioned that Abercrombie & Finch had to paid over $50 million dollars to settle employment discrimination suits in 2004. This type of news might increase the awareness of top managers about the implications of engaging in discriminatory practices. Conduct adventure learning activities that encourage the interaction of top managers with non-white employees (Noe, 2010). These type of activities promote trust between the two groups, which allows top managers to deeply observe the characteristics of non-white employees. Thus, improving the managers ability to hire based on skills qualifications rather than hiring based on a specific race. Monitoring and evaluatin g the program There are different techniques that Bass pro Shops can use to monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of the training program.Bass Pro Shops can use test methods to evaluate the impact of the training. These test can be conducted online and paper-based, and they will be focused in measuring the training outcomes. Some of the tests that Bass pro shop can use to evaluate the training program include: Performance appraisal and pretest/posttest evaluation methods (Noe, 2010). Both of these evaluation methods will strive to evaluate the extent to which the top managers apply diversity practices in the organization, and how the results are aligned to what was taught, practiced and expected.Additionally, they will also measure the extent to which the employees performance has improved as a result of the diversity practices. Bass pro shops can also encourage managers to research about workforce diversity best practices and continuously put new practices into action as a part of the monitoring process of the program. These new practices maximize the skills, satisfaction and retention of the employees as well as promoting a continuous learning environment. References Basspro. com (2012). Retrieval April 3, 2012, from Bassproshop Website: http://www. basspro. com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/CFPageC? storeId=10151&ca

Of Suicide By David Hume, Analysis Essays - David Hume, Economists

Of Suicide By David Hume, Analysis Essays - David Hume, Economists Of Suicide By David Hume, Analysis Of Suicide by David Hume Analysis I believe that no man ever threw away life, while it was worth keeping. In David Humes essay Of Suicide, the philosophical argument of justified suicide is pursued. However, the underlying argument focuses on the injustification of the government and society condemning and forbidding such an action and the creation of superstitions and falsehoods of religion and God. Hume argues that the last phases that a person goes through before taking his life is those of disorder, weakness, insensibility, and stupidity, and that those traits, when obvious to the mind, doom him to a death by his own decision. He states that no being in any facet of life can continue life when transferred to a condition of life very different from the original one, in which it was placed. I wish that Hume had argued this point more because I think that he is right, and its probably universal knowledge, that the traits a person acquires before suicide are those described. However, the latter part of the argument suggests that a drastic change in ones life, a change in condition so different in condition from the original, would thereby lead one to the condemned phases, as listed above. This argument holds water to only those who choose suicide from change. Is it not heat that makes that which is cold, hot (Sorry, I had to throw that Socratic argument in there somewhere)? Seriously though, what of a person born into poverty and misery? Are they too doomed to the arms of suicide? One who is born into poverty and misery was originally in a place of comfort, where disorder, stupidity, etc. where not phases nor traits that were known or felt. Isnt this also considered a transfer of condition of life very different from the original? It would follow then that everyone born i nto poverty and misery are destined to choose death by their own hand rather than of involuntary nature. It could be argued then that those in the womb are not able to suffer neither pain nor happiness. Then take for example another opposite of the original argument. How would the rule follow if one were already in the final stages of a tormented life and suddenly won the lottery? If his misfortunes and tragedies in life were attributed to money, wouldnt he then be transferred again into a state of mind so different from the original? Would this cause him to take his own life, beforehand destined to recycle the condemning symptoms before suicide? Another point Hume discusses is the injustice in ruling suicide as criminal. He describes this point reducing all things to their basic nature in reality. two distinct principles of the material and animal world, continually encroach upon each other, and mutually retard or forward each others operations. In essence, what Hume is saying here is that man depends upon the inanimate, in ways of direction and hindrance, and the inanimate consequently is directed by man. Even thought the nature of the two principles is opposite, they are codependent. He applies this to the argument of suicide by showing that it cannot be criminal to disrupt the nature of ones life by taking it if it is not as equally disruptive to alter the nature of other things. The example used is altering the path of a river. It disrupts the original nature of the river but holds to the constant that change is inevitable. I would agree with Hume on that point. We, as humans, take for advantage the codependence of man and the inanimate. Our government decides what parts of the nature of things to disrupt and alter. God did give us free will and the physical ability to take our own lives, regardless of merit. Who is to say what level of disruption to nature any one action has, whether suicide or cutting down trees to make room for a halfway house? How is one action considered to be less disruptive than the other? I think that in reality it is not that one action is considered less disruptive than the other, and therefore justified, but rather that the disruption caused by the latter action is

Celebrate Elementary School Graduation

Celebrate Elementary School Graduation Elementary school graduation is a big deal. It celebrates all of the achievements your students have made thus far in school. Whether you call it graduation day, moving up day, or recognition day, this is a day to honor and celebrate your students moving on to middle school. Many school districts try and make this day special by holding graduation ceremonies to celebrate their students accomplishments. While this is a wonderful way to acknowledge students, their are other ways to recognize your students achievements, here are a few. Create a Journal Create a journal for each student in your class. This may take a little planning ahead of time but will definitely be worth it. Throughout the year have students write things they are thankful for, or what they want to accomplish by the end of the year. Also, ask their fellow classmates and teachers to write something nice about them. Then at the end of the school year, present them with their journals. Have a Parade A great way to recognize and honor your students moving up to the middle school is to have a parade. Students can make special t-shirts to wear and decorate the hallways. Moving Up Day Dance While dances are usually only in the middle and high school, they can be a fun way for elementary students to celebrate graduating. Plan a special dance for all of the students moving up to middle school and make sure to only play fast-paced, appropriate music! Create a Memory Photo Book Sites like Shutterfly make it very easy to create a photo book, and offer great deals on them, too. Make sure you take a lot of photographs throughout the year, so by the time your ready to create the photo book, you will have enough pictures. A Slideshow When you think of a slideshow you may think of the old school protector, but you can use the newest ​tech tools to achieve a flawless presentation that the students will not forget. The iPad and Smartboard are just two great examples of how you can achieve a great presentation of your students accomplishments. There are numerous apps, such as Proshow and Slideshow Builder that will allow you to create a great presentation for your class. Have a Field Day Plan a field day to celebrate students that are moving on to the middle school. Students can participate in fun activities, such as water balloon toss, relay races, and a baseball game. Have a School Picnic A picnic is the another fun way to celebrate your students achievements. Get out the school grill and have a cook-out, invite parents to join in, and ask students to wear the special graduation t-shirts they made. Give an Award Recognize academic achievement with an award. This can be done at the graduation ceremony. Reward your students with a special ceremony and give them certificates or trophies to recognize their academic achievements. Take an End of the Year Field Trip The best way to recognize all of your students well-deserved accomplishments is to take an end of the year  field trip. Some school districts have the funds for students to go as far as staying at a hotel for the night. If you are one of the those schools, you are very lucky. If you are not, then plan an end of the year field trip to a local amusement park where students can enjoy themselves. Buy a Student Gift Recognize students accomplishments with a gift. Fill a sand bucket with school supplies, bake a treat, give them a new book, or purchase a beach ball and write Hope you have a ball this summer.

Liquidity, Solvency and Profitability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Liquidity, Solvency and Profitability - Essay Example The level of current ratio for any particular organization is dependent on the industry it is operating in; usually the acceptable current ratio is 1.5 to 3. If an organization is able to maintain its current ratio between these levels, the lenders are of the perception that the company has the ability to meet its short term financial responsibilities. If the current ratio is low or in other words, the company does not have enough assets to meet its liabilities, the company is perceived to fail its financial obligations. This ratio is used by creditors while determining whether to provide loan to a company or not. Creditors perceive that if the company’s current ratio is high, it can pay off its debts and if it is low, it will fail to pay off its debts. This is why certain banks require an organization to meet the requirement of maintaining current ratio levels at 1 or above